Fig. 3

Morphology and tissue response to devices in wrapping models and pouch models at day 5 and day 15 (a-h). A considerable amount of fibrils were seen forming into the device (a, f; blue arrows) with some collagen-osteoid formation (green arrow) noticeable at days 5, while the self-adaptation of tissue at the periphery of device was observed in both models (b, e; pink arrows). In contrast, to tissue implanted heterotopically (g, h; blue arrows) the survivability of tissue was compromised in the tissue bag model at days 15, where the muscle tissue on the periphery of the bioceramic device was observed to undergo a type of fragmentation, discontinuing fibrous tissue formation at the interface of the muscle and device (c, d; pink arrows). Movat pentachrome staining was utilized to assess for collagen associated with chondrogenesis and osteogenesis, elastic fibers, muscle and connective tissue. Bars: A, B, D, E, F and H = 100 μm; C and G = 200 μm