Fig. 4

Hydrogen-peroxide levels are elevated following LPE-application. a Evaluation of H₂O₂ levels by 3,3′- diaminobenzidine staining (DAB) 24 h after LPE-treatment compared to the mock-treated control. Scale bar = 5 mm. Boxes represent the 25th and 75th percentiles, and the inner rectangle highlights the median, whiskers show the SEM, and outliers are depicted by dots (Min/max range). Statistical significance was analysed by one-way ANOVA; asterisks indicate significant difference compared to the mock/DAB control, *** p < 0.001. Representative images of three biological replicates are shown. b Absorption spectra of H₂O₂ reaction with potassium iodide (KI 1 M) in 0.1% TCA spectrophotometrically determined at different wavelengths between 280 and 420 nm